Burner.



M. C. GREEN.

BURNER.

l APPLICATION FILED JUNE7. i917.

Patented Oct. 29, 1918.

jizz/anion mr nouns "un ca. rumufma, wnsnmurau. n c.

MERTON C. GREEN, 0F WILLIAMSPORT, PENNSYLVANIA.

BURNER.

To vall 'whom t may concern:

'Be it known that I, `Mn1`zfroN` C. GREEN, a citizen of the United States, residing Vin Williamsport, Pennsylvania, in the county of Lycoming and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners, of which the following is a specification. y

The AinventionV relates to improvements in burnerslusing illuminating, manufactured or producer gas as fuel, which is mixed with air under compression delivered by any suitable means, the device operating broadly under the principle of the well known Bunsenburner. f

The structure of the device statedbroadly, comprises two chambers, one of which communicates with a source of fuel supply and the other chamber with a source of air under pressure, in combination with a nozzle formed on `one chamber which isin communicationwith the other chamber; the chambers and nozzle or outlet orifice so arranged that the fuel andair under compression arenot permitted to intermingle until they reach the outlet orifice. Due to the particular arrangement of the chambers and the construction of the nozzle, the air supplied to the nozzle at great velocity is expanded and reflected back upon itself to a focal point varying in position depending upon theamountoffuel and `velocityof the air supply. This'expansion of theair causes a reduction ofthe gas flow, but permits .the air to .absorb and` tobeli1npregnated with the fuel thereby governing the `mixture of air ,and gas Aautomatically through a wide range! ,ofm liame adjustment; This restriction orchoking ofthe gas,` by the velocity of the air tends to cushion the outflowing charge, produces an evenly mixed combustible charge, thusmaintaining a perfect mixture; ',Under. correctly .proportioned pressures of gas and air,` theamount of Agas consumedfis governed Vbythe velocity and the quantity of air leaving the burner and by such restriction the gas cannot pass out of the burner without first thoroughly combining with the .movingair,A the gas being so controlled by `such action that only enough passes outto combine properly with the air, thereby governing the amount of Specification of Letters Patent. Patnd @(313, 29, 191%, yAppiiaaimrinea.nine7,1917. semaine. 173,286. i

fuel used through a very wide range of flame sizes, `producing automatically one temperature throughout said flame range.

i Burners constructed in accordance with the inventions are especially suitable for brazing, and prehating castings preparatory to Oxy-acetylene welding of steel, cast iron, copper, bronze, aluminum, etc. Theymay also be used .for melting tin, solder, lead, zinc, babbitt, aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, and for drying cores, heating coke ovens, metal stampings, annealing, tempering and heat treating furnaces, lighting cupolas, dry molds and ladles, starting fires under steam boilers, and a variety of other uses where intense heat is required.

p Other obj ects, advantages and uses, will be set forth in detail in the followingdescription and drawings which illustrate one embodiment of the invention and in which,

Figure l isV a side elevation of the improved burner.

Fig 2 is an enlarged Vertical sectional view.

Fig. 3 ,is an enlarged side elevation having `a portion of onechamber broken away and showing the interior chamber in elevation.

` Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View illustrating the action of the fuel and air within the burner. i

The burner as illustrated in the drawings herewith may be made in accordance with general engineering practice, thatvis, it may be made up `of various` sizes of tubing welded together, or of sheet drawn metal parts welded together, or it may either be cast, and I do not desire to be restricted to the exact method of assembly of the burner as the invention herein resides in the structure and ynotits mode of development. y

Referring now to the drawings in detail in which like reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several figures:

The improved burner comprises a casing l, having one end reduced as at 2, which may be screw threaded as at 3. A second or inof connection 2. The interior casing 4 may be reduced at 6 to form a nozzle portion 7. The end of the casing 1 opposite to that carrying the nipple 3 is provided with a blunt nose 8 to the edge of which is secured an inwardly projecting deflector nozzle 9, which forms the mixing and combustion chamber. The member 9 is of a larger diameter than, and extends inwardly a Idis-k tance sufficient to surround, the end of the nozzle 7 to which it may be secured, as in the present instance, by means of arms 10 providing means for holding the nozzle and tubular member 9 in correct alinement and relation.

'The periphery of the casing 1 adjacent the point of connection 2 is provided with an externally screw threaded nipple 11 secured thereto.

From the above it is apparent that the burner construction comprises two concentrically arranged chambers, the exterior and interior casings forming such chambers having individual inlet portions, their exhaust ends being concentric, overlapping, and ending in a common exhaust section which f forms an ignition chamber, all of such casings and ports being rigidly fixed in their critical relative postions.

In operating the burner, air under pressure is supplied through connection 3, passing through the interior casing 4 and is discharged from the nozzle 7 at high velocity. The air on` leaving the end of the said nozzle expands in cone shape as is y, shown by dottedlines in Figs. 2 and il, and is then reflected back to some focus 9, by the wall of the tube 9, thus forming a somewhat stiff cushioning screen of air against which the fuel gas is pressed and into which the fuel gas is absorbed. This ex- `pansion and reflection being due; first, to

the differences in diameter of the nozzle and tube; and second, to the high velocity of the air. Fuel is supplied to the casing 1 through the connection 11 fand moves through the chamber as is indicated by the arrows 1. Due to the expansion of the air within the pipe 9 the fuel is cushioned, so to speak, against the air and within the space between the casing 1 and the outer periphery of the pipe 9 as is illustrated by the arrows 1', Figs. 2 and 4. This cushioning of the fuel causes an even distribution of fuel and air at its pomt of mixture 10 within the tubular member 9, whereby a perfect and uniform combustible mixture is provided which insures a flame balanced throughout its cross sectional area.

The expansion of the air and the restriction of the fuel ilow, as above described, causes a syphoning action on the fuel, the air drawing a sullicientamount of fuel with it in its passage through the mixing chamber 9, the fuel drawn out being taken from the cushion of fuel existing in the rear of the point of expansion of the air. Due to this arrangement the air supply causes an automatic regulationV for the amount of fuel mixed therewith.

The distance the nozzle member 7 enters into thetube 9 is a predetermined amount and is usually fixed, or permanently set and is therefore non-adjustable- Under the proportioned gas and air mixtures the temperatureof the flame formed thereby may be kept substantially constant within wide ranges of liame sizes. It has been found that changing the critical relation of the orifices of the tutbes 7 and 9 causes-poor` mixture and therefore a great reduction of flame temperatures.` i y A further reason for fixing these tubes is that finding and fixing the critical relative position permits of a high temperature being obtained by a gas and air mixture at low air velocity, and allowing the ignition point of the gas to remain inside of the burner tube 9. It is obvious that when a combustion has been started within the tube 9, externally induced air currents at atmospheric pressures cannot enter and weaken'the mixture sufficiently to cause themixturel velocity'to overcome the flame velocity or llame propagation. i

Another featurel in having the relations of the burner tube 9 and the air tube 7 relatively set to one another, is that aside from obtaining. automatically, the proper mixtures which are readily lcombustible at low air velocities, I obviate the possibility of incompetent manualadjustment of the flame, thereby fixing the economy and elii# ciency of my device.

It will therefore be seen fromthe foregoing that by my construction I am able by means of the fixed air and burner tubes and the related throttle orilice therebetween to not only `:sufficiently regulate that proper mixture oft-he. gases, but also to maintain the point or beginning of combustion within the burner tube 9; or, in other'words, to regulate the point of union of the combustible gases with a predeterminedamount of air at a position protected from stray or ac-V cidental air ycurrents thereby producing a readily combustiblemixture at a low air ve' locity and capablefof producing at such low velocity much higher temperatures at a greater fuel economy.

ing tubes of certain related diameters, Vas

previously described, prove entirely satis-l factory in practice.

Due to the reflection of the air and fuel" mixture by the wallsof the mixing chamber 9, this mixture focalizes at some point inA I have also found in tests thatmy burnerV "agea'sgiev "frontfof the burner, the "distance varying `z'tccording to the amount of gas and the ve locity ofthe airsupplied the burner.

Since, in applica-nts burner the flow of `fuel is limited to that :which is properly taken up4 by the air, his burner is odorless when in'use, thus showing that the combustion' is complete.

Any suitable means for `compressing the air maybe used and as any one of a variety of *means 'maybe employed, no `mechanism per se is illustrated.

The orifice, z'. e., the outer end of the tubular member, may be shaped other than circular when desired, producing special shaped flames without varying the quality and intensity thereof.

Burners heretofore known to applicant for welding and other purposes where intense heat is required have only been able to develop a liame having a temperature of 2400o Fahrenheit, the burners referred to using gasolene or kerosene as fuel, or burners known as gas-air burners. Burners made in accordance with this invention, however, generate 3500o Fahrenheit as their maximum temperature, which accomplishes the result, that work may be completed in a shorter time and that a saving of about one-third of the cost of fuels required by the other burners herein mentioned. As the other burners approach their maximum of 2400O Fahrenheit, they burn a large amount of fuel, whereas burners made in accordance with mv invention, when developing an equivalent heat, use only approximately three-quarters of the amount of fuel used heretofore. In addition where temperatures are required which exceed 2400o Fahrenheit, burners made in accordance with this invention will develop temperatures beyond the range of other types of burners. As an example, burners made according to m construction, will melt cast iron, steel, essian sand crucibles, porcelain, asbestos mill board, and will reduce the size of the small bits of platinum iridium which will not gasify until they reach a temperature considerably above 3000o Fahrenheit.

I claim:

1. In a burner, the combination of an inner tubular casing having a substantially unrestricted and unobstructed open outer end; an outer casing surrounding` the inner casing;A and a defiector nozzle receiving a portion of the inner casing and having gastight connection with the outer casing.

2. In a burner, the combination of an in ner tubular casing having an outer end portion; an outer tubular casing surrounding the inner casing; means for feeding gas to said casings respectively; and a cylindrical tubular deflector nozzle co-axial with said outer end portion and slightly larger in diameter than said outer end portion and "receivinghthe outer endportion, said nozzle having a length more than twice'its diameter.

axial with said outei1 end yportion and slightly larger in diameter than said outer end portion and receiving the outer end portion, said nozzle having a length more than twice its diameter, and a gas tight connection at its outer end with the free end portion of the outer casing.

4. In a burner, the combination of an inner tubular casing having a straight cylindrcal reduced outer end portion of constant diameter and of a length equal to mo-re than four times its diameter; an outer tubular casing surrounding the inner casing coaxial therewith and having an inwardly curved free end portion; means for feeding gas to said casings respectively; and a cylindri- -cal tubular deflector nozzle co-axial with said outer end portion and slightly larger in diameter than said outer end portion and receiving the outer end portion, said nozzle having a length more than twice its diameter, and a gas-tight connection at its outer end with the free end portion of' the outer casing.

5. In a burner, the combination of an inner tubular casing having an outer end portion of constant diameter about four times the length of such diameter; an outer tubular casing surrounding said inner casing; and a tubular deflector nozzle 0f substantially constant diameter slightly larger than the diameter of and receiving a Short portion of said outer end portion, and having a length greater than its own diameter and having, at its outer end, gas-tight connection with said outer casing.

6.v In a burner, the combination of an inner tubular casing having a straight cylindrical reduced outer end portion having a length equal to about four times its diameter; an outer tubular casingl surrounding the inner casing co-axial therewith and having an inwardly curved outer end; means for feeding gases to said casings respec-4 tively; and a cylindrical tubular deflector nozzle co-axial with and slightly larger in diameter than and receiving a short portion of the outer end of said reduced portion and having a gas-tight connection at its outer end with said inwardly curved portion, and having a length slightly more than twice its own diameter, said reduced portion and said nozzle being free of obstructions.

7. In a burner, the combination of an inner tubular casing having a straight cylindrical reduced outer end portion about four times the length of its diameter; an outer tubular casing surrounding the inner casing co-axial therewith and having an inwardly curved outer end; means for feeding different gases to said casings respectively; and e cylindrical tubular deflector nozzle havinga diameter approximately twice the diameter of said reduced end portion and dishaving a gas-tight connection With the outer end of said curved end and havin'gelength slightly more than twice its own dizrn'eter.

i MERTON C. GREEN.

Witnesses:.

C. B. Evinrr;l CARL BoLnN.

Copies of `this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner ofiraten'cs,

Washington, D. C. 

